The Act Of Basking And Public Image - 1127 Words

In 1976, Robert Cialdini and his colleagues first defined the concept of â€Å"basking in reflected glory† (BIRGing), the tendency to improve one’s self- and public image by publicly announcing one’s association with another person or group (identification) who has become successful in some endeavor (achievement) even if one is in no way the cause of the other’s success or â€Å"glory†. That is, the act of basking is done through association based on the person and the successful other belonging to the same in-group, even if one does not have any personal connection or contribution to the other’s success (i.e. self-enhancement; Snibbe, Kitayama, Markus, SuZuki, 2003). In the original field study, Cialdini et al. (1976) observed that students (1) tended to accentuate their association with the university they attended if the football team representing the university won in its latest match, and (2) refer to the victory as, by extension, including them (e.g. â€Å"we won†). Conversely, when the team lost, students tended to distance themselves from the team and the university by not wearing apparel that associate them with the latter and referring to the team as a separate entity (e.g. â€Å"they lost†). Moreover, in-group identification through BIRGing can be extended to national and cultural identities, with identification based on country-level or sociocultural in-groups (Galang, Quià ±ones, Adriano, Portillo, Carvajal, 2015). Indeed, to study BIRGing through a cross-cultural approach, it isShow MoreRelatedRay Bradburys Farenheit 4511257 Words   |  5 Pagesfor Montag and the other literates hiding outside of the city, fire is a warm gathering place that fosters kinship and the proper ideals to feed a revolution. Firemen, while intimidating to the general public, are widely accepted and respected. This means that they serve as an embodiment of the public as a whole. In their hands fire is used to destroy people’s books which they argue have the potential to better one person’s life over another’s. Furthermore, the books are convoluted and contradictoryRead MoreThe Inclusion And Exclusion Criteria Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagescontext of a sporting event (i.e. boxing, basketball, football) and how fans reacted to the outcomes of these games, two replications extend BIRG into the display of political affiliations during national elections (Boen et al., 2002) and the act of basking in peer popularity and likeability (J. K. Dijkstra, Cillessen, Lindenberg, Veenstra, 2010). Similarly, the replications were done in Asian (Japan, Philippines), European (Belgium, France), and Middle Eastern (Israel) countries. The last replicationRead More Dance Essay2604 Words   |  11 Pag esa gentleman’s club. Of course, I was aware of the fact that on the most basic level, a pricey gentleman’s club provides a wealthy and extravagant individual with a venue where he can comfortably indulge in the finest champagnes and scotches while basking in the bubbly personalities and beautiful bodies of paid entertainers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I decided to study the inner workings of a gentleman’s club and to write about the effect that working in such an environment would have on womenRead More Last Days Of Socrates Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesdeath from the Athenian court. This is very important because Plato wanted Socrates to be seen in a positive, glorified light. In the public eye, why would Socrates be convicted if he were not guilty of failing to serve the gods and of swaying the youth? Also, why would he submit to the court’s ruling unless he thought he deserved the punishment? Not only the general public, but also Socrates’ followers and friends were concerned and wanted to know the answers to these questions. Thus, Plato writes aboutRead MoreCultural Memory, The Mgr Murder Trial5316 Words   |  22 Pagesconsider the symbolism of this usage and thereby arrive at the author’s response to the civil war Assmann and Czaplicka define cultural memory as â€Å"that body of reusable texts, images and rituals in each society, in each epoch† (98). Through the â€Å"cultivation† of this memory they point out a society stabilizes and conveys its self-image. Upon this collective memory, one can add, each society bases its unity and peculiarity. Through this cultural heritage, they add, a society becomes visible to others. FurtherRead More Some Notes Concerning Affections and the Sublime in the Work of Jonathan Edward4475 Words   |  18 Pagessublime as both a rhetorical tool and psychological experience that, in either case, foregrounds the relationship between an individual’s perception of the self and his or her relationship to a community. Comparing Edwards’s personal writing to his public writing , an exploration of the phenomenon of conversion is clearly developed. Sublime experiences represent potential moments for conversion to Christianity because suc h events are moments that define the self in absence from the community. EdwardsRead MoreUsing Job Satisfaction and Pride as Internal-Marketing Tools5365 Words   |  22 Pagesability to motivate employees to practice behavior that will assist in​ the implementation of marketing strategies. Since the hotel industry has​ always been committed to developing customer loyalty, it is as critical​ now as ever for hotel employees to act in a manner that encourages​ guests loyalty. That is, customer loyalty is important in the​ hotel industry because it is a mature industry and competition is​ intense. As a result, there is often little product differentiation​ within segments (eRead MoreContemporary American Poetry and Its Public Worlds Essay8159 Words   |  33 Pagesbeen sufficiently attentive to both the demands and the possibilities afforded by the public world everywhere impinging on the choices poets make and the audiences availabl e to them. So I want to explore those demands and possibilities--first by working out a feasible understanding of how poets can engage that public world without simply embracing the role of rhetorician, then by turning the question of public poetry on its head so that we read beneath the poets desires the cultural pressuresRead More Separation of Church and State in Latin America Essay7515 Words   |  31 Pagesto make or change a law has the right to do so by gathering support and taking the steps set forth by the government, in the constitution, to complete the lawmaking process. An official elected democratically is constantly concerned with his or her public popularity, which determines how much power the official will have in the future. Ideally, in a democracy, every vote is heard; every demand is considered no matter what race, sex, or religion the person happens to be. Laws are constantly being alteredRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesconflicts tha t remain unresolved even among the affluent and educated. The changes in the dominant culture are not always deliberately engineered; at times they stem from attempts to resolve private dilemmas that seem to have little to do with the public realm of class domination. Without conspiring to do so, sometimes with wholly other ends in view, the ruling groups continually refashion the prevailing structure of feeling to express more or less-their own changing social experience. 5 9This is

William Jennings Bryan Free Essays

Much like the Republican problems during the 1892 election, in which Grover Cleveland won his second term of office, the Democratic Party faced problems in the 1896 election. Cleveland, who had won on the strength of labor unions and his policy on monetary policy, lost on both of his signature issues. His use of the military during a railroad strike in 1894 and his comment that he would he would commission the military to do government services if the postal service struck did not endear himself to the growing labor movement within the Democratic Party. We will write a custom essay sample on William Jennings Bryan or any similar topic only for you Order Now These blunders caused the Republicans to gain over 100 House seats and control over the Senate in the 1894 midterm elections. The Populist Party reached a critical juncture in 1896. At the 1896 Democratic nominating convention, the more progressive aspects of the party rallied behind Nebraskan politician William Jennings Bryan. Bryan, a proponent of silver currency, gave a speech now referred to as the â€Å"Cross of Gold† speech in which he derided the Republican administration of monetary policy in the past and hoped for a more populist approach to government in the future. The Democrats rallied behind Bryan and the platform reflected not only his populist agenda but their future fusion with the People’s Party to create a more progressive and rural party. The Democratic platform included advocacy for free silver and the possibility of international bimetallism, a federal income tax, statehood for Western territories, and a decreased tariff. When the People’s Party met at their nominating convention, they voted to fuse their candidates to the Democratic Party and pool resources with the more organized Democrats. The Republican Party, resurgent with their congressional success in 1894, rallied around Ohio governor William McKinley, the namesake of the 1890 tariff bill that was hotly contested in this decade. McKinley and the Republicans shaped a platform around the gold standard, an increase in protective tariffs more vigorous navy, increased standards for immigration, the acquisition of Hawaii, and an opposition to the idea of bimetallism. His monetary policy shifted miners and the lower class towards Bryan, but his measured platform managed to keep labor and business happy. The two campaigns had contrasting styles. William Jennings Bryan crisscrossed the nation giving stump speeches that were both fiery and inspiring to Democratic activists. However, Bryan lost gold Democrats and progressives who were turned off by his policy towards the economy and towards his focus on rural populations. The McKinley campaign, managed by Republican operative Mark Hanna, received several million dollars in donations to aid in the Republican campaign. For the most part, Hanna got these donations out of businesses and the wealthy that were afraid of a Bryan presidency and agrarian revolt. McKinley ran a front porch campaign while 1400 plus Republican speakers went around the nation stumping against the â€Å"radical† William Jennings Bryan. While Bryan did well in the West and the South, the more densely populated industrial North and Midwest went to McKinley who was able to win the election. If Bryan had won the election, things would have been vastly different. â€Å"No one can make a million dollars honestly. † – Bryan was widely regarded as a prominent spokesman for millions of rural Americans who were suffering from the economic depression following the Panic of 1893. William Jennings Bryan believed in free and unlimited coinage of silver, which he thought would remedy the economic ills then plaguing farmers and industrial workers. This inflationary measure would have increased the amount of money in circulation and aided cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers. He blamed big business for the economic depression that was present. If elected President of the United States, he would have advanced his idea for free coinage of silver. Although this would have been beneficial for the majority of farmers, many of the rest of the population would have been extremely unhappy. The big business partners would have gotten together and plotted for the assignation for William Jennings Bryan; which would have been successful. Bryan should have never messed with big business because, they mean business. â€Å"Destiny is no matter of chance. It is a matter of choice. It is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved. † I believe that it was William Jennings Bryan’s destiny to lose the election of 1896 so that he would not be assassinated. It was for the better of the country that he had not won the election. The economic strategy of farming for the country was coming to an end regardless. How to cite William Jennings Bryan, Essay examples

Mind Mapping A New Era of Learning

Question: Discuss about theMind Mappingfor aNew Era of Learning. Answer: Introduction: Mind mapping is a technique of drawing diagrams that includes explicitly organized information so that the information can be visually recalled (Nilson 2016). Mind maps represents relationships among information as a whole or in between pieces of information. A mind map is usually centered on particular concepts. Relationships between information of pieces of information are drawn as branches and sub branches emerging from the key concept located in the center of the page. This essay discusses upon the history, process of creating mind maps, its uses and research work related to the subject. In addition, it also forms arguments regarding the subject. Background: In the 1970s, there was an idea called sun bursting. This is nothing but a multilevel pie chart that was used to visualize hierarchal data. The idea of mind mapping is very similar to this concept. The practice of mind mapping dates back to the 3rd century when Porphyry of Tyros visualized the categories of Aristotle graphically. Later Ramon Llull used the similar technique during 1235-1315. However, Tony Buzan popularized the concept of mind mapping in recent times. According to Buzan, readers normally scan pages in a non-linear fashion and that is what make mind maps effective learning tool (Buzan 2007). Methods of Creating Mind Maps: Buzan formed a methodical approach for creating mind maps. According to his guidelines, a mind maps should start with a picture of the topic residing in the centre of the page coded with three different colors. Information related to the topic should be stated as key words and and lines should connect the information to the topic as braches. Using upper and lowercase letter while stating the information and using different colors may help stimulation the learning centre of brain making line maps an efficient learning tool. In addition, mind maps should be easy to recognize and clear when branches are drawn to represent hierarchal relationships (iMindMap 2016). Research Work Related to Mind Maps: Mind maps as a tool for structuring information has been a topic of discussion for the past few years. Significant amount of research had been done also for determining its efficiency as a learning tool. John M. Coulter of Western New England University tried to find the efficiency of mind maps to improve Audit education. The results of his study concluded that using mind maps to structure coursed work had been an interesting tool for effectively organizing the lecture materials. Students reacted positively towards mind maps and reviewed that it helped them in understanding and remembering their notes and coursework (Coulter 2016). Another study by Marsen and Wen tried to find the effectively of mind maps in learning history. They used two different groups of five students in which the control groups did not know constructing and using mind maps for learning historical data where as the test group knew the the practice of mind maps. Results of their investigation concluded that mind maps can successfully increase a persons learning capacity regarding history (Masran and Wen 2016). The effectively of mind maps in teaching elementary school students have been studied by Emmelien Merchie and Hilde Van Keer of GHENT UNIVERSITY. They investigated 35 elementary school teachers and 644 students from 16 different schools in order to obtain results. The capacity to summarize information graphically related to particular subjects was assed in the said study. The results of the study concluded that learning usage of mind mapping to summarize data proved to be an effective learning tool for fifth and sixth grade students (Merchie and Van Keer 2016). Uses of Mind Maps: Mind maps have a wide variety of use these days both professionally and personal life. Mind maps organize information in such a form that it is easily recognized and registered in the brain. That helps boosting learning capacity. It also helps a person during recalling particular information regarding a particular topic (Buzan 2007). A mind map also encourages creative thinking. It allows new ideas to be incorporated into a persons thought process. In addition, learning through mind maps, increase problem-solving capacity that in turn helps in learning process. Mind maps enable a person to see all the issues related to a topic (Buzan and Buzan 2010). As discussed earlier in the research section a mind map helps in planning specific course work. Not only course work, mind maps also help in constructing event plans and presentations as well. Organizing a vast array of information is very easy with mind maps. It enables a person to take constructive decisions regarding a particular event. In majority of cases, mind maps are used in educational area. It is also used in business situations that include brain storming new ideas. Summarizing complicated information, ideas is easier with mind maps (Somers et al. 2014). Future of Mind Maps: According to Tony Buzan, in near future Mind Mapping will be the most widely practiced method of learning and will built nests all the way through the World Wide Web. He predicted that websites and computer technologies would find significant use for Mind Maps as these would allow channeling different forms of human thinking. In future Mind maps will become the ultimate tool for knowledge building and will truly create a Global Brain for developing human intelligence (Buzan and Buzan 2010). Limitations of Mind Maps: Mind maps have some limitations as well. Mind maps do not incorporate detailed information regarding a subject but just key points. Rules of mind mapping should be strictly followed in order to achieve optimum results otherwise, ineffective maps are produced. Personalized maps may be illegible by others and creating mind maps is a time consuming process (Intranet.birmingham.ac.uk 2017). Conclusion: Mind maps are very similar to spider diagrams but these include a methodical approach for building up information regarding a particular topic. In present mind maps found a variety of uses in a large number of sectors. There are many software tools available for creating mind maps as well. The future of mind maps as a study tool is also very promising. In conclusion, it can be said that mind maps are the ultimate form of gather knowledge now and will remain so in future until a new and better approach emerges. References: Buzan, T, 2007. Maximise the Power of Your Brain - Tony Buzan MIND MAPPING. Youtube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlabrWv25qQ. Buzan, T, and Buzan, B, 2010. The Mind Map Book. BBC Active/Pearson, Harlow, Essex, UK Coulter, J.M., 2016. Mind mapping as a tool to improve audit education.Journal of business and educational leadership,6(1), p.76. iMindMap, 2016. How to MindMap. viewed 10 September, 2016,https://imindmap.com/how-to-mind-map/ Intranet.birmingham.ac.uk. (2017). Mind mapping. [online] Available at: https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/studentservices/disability/learning-support/effective-learning/skills/mind-mapping.aspx [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Masran, M. and Wen, C.Y., 2016. The Effectiveness Usage of Mind Map in Form Fives Academic Performance in History.Advanced Science Letters,22(8), pp.1973-1976. Merchie, E. and Van Keer, H., 2016. Stimulating Graphical Summarization in Late Elementary Education: The Relationship between Two Instructional Mind-Map Approaches and Student Characteristics.The Elementary School Journal,116(3), pp.487-522. Nilson, L.B., 2016.Teaching at its best: A research-based resource for college instructors. John Wiley Sons. Somers, M.J., Passerini, K., Parhankangas, A. and Casal, J., 2014. Using mind maps to study how business school students and faculty organize and apply general business knowledge.The International Journal of Management Education,12(1), pp.1-13.

Speech Sample free essay sample

I remember till the words of Appeaser Public School victims: C. .. *-o Dear Sir, We are not honest, not sincere, we are corrupt, we are disobedient, we are not diligent and we dont love our country. Thats why we are backward and UN-developing in the world. We are not united as one nation, and we are not still wake up. The great thing in the world is not much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving. We are wasting our time, wasting our energy, wasting our money on unnecessary and useless things. There is recommendation favoritism and wealth instead of merit.IS ,ASS Dear Audience: Alexander pope said that charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul: Merit will change our country, merit will eradicate common people problems, merit will provide justice and merit will develop Pakistan economically, socially and politically. Pakistan is not a poor county; its billions of dollars are in foreign banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we use that money, than it is equal to the 30 years budgets of our country. For any change in the country, first of all there is need of change of our character. We must be optimistic and solely ready to trudge. ASS Our Allah almighty, Holy Quern, Holy Prophet (PUBIC) and all people will bring change for this sorrowful land Pakistan. Everybody must care of others without a sense of caring, there can be no sense of community and change. Our nation is a great nation. It will never be defeated.

Free Essays on Self-ethnology

Self-Ethnography Anthropology is the study of humankind. Within this study, there is a subfield that focuses on the study of contemporary societies, which is called cultural anthropology or ethnology. On February 25, 1980, I was born into this world where there exists numerous different societies. Twenty-one years later, I am going to discuss the aspects and experiences that has made me who I am today. These aspects and experiences all started from my parents and their background, the culture which I was brought up in, and then into the family I grew up with, my friends, education, American society, and other personal experiences. They have all contributed to my enculturation and continue to expand into my future. Enculturation is the process of social interaction through which people learn and acquire their culture. It starts from the day a person is born and works until the person dies because people can always learn new things. Culture is a shared way of life that includes values, beliefs, and norms transmitted within a particular society from generation to generation, and a person should be proud of their culture and where they came from. I was born into an Asian culture with a Vietnamese ethnicity since both of my parents were born in the country of Vietnam. Ethnicity refers to the cultural Tran 2 differences among populations usually based on attributes such as language, religion, lifestyle, and cultural ideas about common descent or specific territory. The difference with me was that I was born in a town east of Houston named Channelview, Texas. Both my parents immigrated to America in the late 1970s as a result of the Vietnam War. They fled over here in search of freedom and opportunities from communism. By doing that, they have opened doors and allowed my sisters and I a better life. We have had the chance to live life the â€Å"American way† in certain aspects, but the majority of our enculturation is still ... Free Essays on Self-ethnology Free Essays on Self-ethnology Self-Ethnography Anthropology is the study of humankind. Within this study, there is a subfield that focuses on the study of contemporary societies, which is called cultural anthropology or ethnology. On February 25, 1980, I was born into this world where there exists numerous different societies. Twenty-one years later, I am going to discuss the aspects and experiences that has made me who I am today. These aspects and experiences all started from my parents and their background, the culture which I was brought up in, and then into the family I grew up with, my friends, education, American society, and other personal experiences. They have all contributed to my enculturation and continue to expand into my future. Enculturation is the process of social interaction through which people learn and acquire their culture. It starts from the day a person is born and works until the person dies because people can always learn new things. Culture is a shared way of life that includes values, beliefs, and norms transmitted within a particular society from generation to generation, and a person should be proud of their culture and where they came from. I was born into an Asian culture with a Vietnamese ethnicity since both of my parents were born in the country of Vietnam. Ethnicity refers to the cultural Tran 2 differences among populations usually based on attributes such as language, religion, lifestyle, and cultural ideas about common descent or specific territory. The difference with me was that I was born in a town east of Houston named Channelview, Texas. Both my parents immigrated to America in the late 1970s as a result of the Vietnam War. They fled over here in search of freedom and opportunities from communism. By doing that, they have opened doors and allowed my sisters and I a better life. We have had the chance to live life the â€Å"American way† in certain aspects, but the majority of our enculturation is still ...

Mobs and Mobiles

Mobs and Mobiles Mobs and Mobiles Mobs and Mobiles By Mark Nichol It is etymologically appropriate that the term mob should be associated with a roiling crowd, because the word is a clipped form of mobile. That word, in Latin, means â€Å"movable,† but it also had the sense of â€Å"fickle,† which was what is meant by the Latin phrase mobile vulgus, which refers to the perception of the ruling class in ancient Rome that public opinion was capricious. (Plus à §a change . . .) (Vulgus, meanwhile, means â€Å"the common people,† and the perceived base behavior of the rabble- again, judged from above- prompted the adjective vulgar. The Latin term also begat another adjective, the first word in the phrase â€Å"Vulgate Bible,† referring to a translation of the Bible accessible to the populace). The slang shortening of mobile to mob occurred sometime in the late 1600s, and we still use it to refer to a large, unruly group of people. (Mobcap, the word for a large woman’s cap worn indoors, is unrelated; it comes from the obsolete name Mab.) To mob someone originally meant to attack him or her in a group; it now applies to any mass of people accosting someone, as when a celebrity is spotted in a public place and besieged for autographs or to be photographed. Mob is also associated with organized crime during the Roaring Twenties (at about the same time that the phrase â€Å"mob scene† was coined to refer to a crowded place), but it had first been applied to a gang of criminals nearly a hundred years earlier than that. Mobster was first attested in 1916, about twenty years after gangster officially entered the lexicon. The adjective mobile means â€Å"able to move or be moved.† (The name of the city of Mobile in Alabama is unrelated; it derives from a Native American word.) In the 1930s, the word was first used to modify the noun sculpture to refer to a piece of art, usually suspended, in which motion is integral to the effect of the art on the observer; in the late part of the following decade, the adjective stood on its own to become a noun referring to such art. Automobile was first, in the mid-nineteenth century, an adjective (a mash-up of Greek and French-based-on-Latin meaning â€Å"self-moving†); the French phrase và ©hicule automobile was truncated in the late 1800s to automobile, which briefly had in French the synonym locomobile (loco means â€Å"from a place,† hence locomotive, â€Å"moving from a place†). During the transitional period when use of horse-drawn vehicles and early automobiles coincided, the term hippomobile (the first element is from the Greek word for horse, known mainly from hippopotamus, or â€Å"water horse†) distinguished the former from the latter. Snowmobiles, developed in the early 1900s, were so named starting in 1931. Mobile homes, derived from travel trailers and originally designed early in the twentieth century to accommodate people who needed to move often, later developed into prefabricated homes that could be hauled to a permanent or semipermanent location, resulting in the name being oxymoronic. Mobility is the quality of being mobile, while to mobilize is to make capable of movement; the military sense, which refers to a country’s large-scale preparation for war, actually precedes the general definition. (It was first used in the mid-eighteenth century.) The noun form of mobilize is mobilization. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good WithAmong vs. AmongstI wish I were...

Ethical Dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilemma - Assignment Example Hence, conflicts involving personal values should not be considered as ethical dilemmas although they can be uncomfortable and difficult. However there can be some complicated situations that may involve conflicts between values, laws, and policies, such dilemmas are referred as â€Å"approximate† dilemmas. â€Å"Absolute† or â€Å"pure† ethical dilemma occurs only when two (or more) ethical standards are applied to a situation but are in conflict with each other. (Allen 2012) One of the ethical dilemmas in business situations is of sexual harassment and as it is against the laws it is an â€Å"absolute† ethical dilemma. It is considered unlawful to harass a person, an applicant or an employee in case of a business situation. â€Å"Sexual harassment† or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature, they all come under and are included in Harassment. Harassment not necessarily has t o be of sexual nature it can also include offensive remarks about a person’s sex. An example of this is harassing women by making offensive comments about women generally; this is sexual harassment and is illegal under the law. ... Harassment is considered illegal if it is either so frequent or it is severe enough to create a hostile or offensive work environment or resulting in an employment decision victim being fired or demoted, that is adverse. (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2013) For a theoretical approach to define sexual harassment as an ethical dilemma, it must follow the three conditions of an ethical dilemma situation. The first condition is that it must be a situation in which an individual, the agent, must decide about which the best course of action is. That is in case of harassment, a victim should seek for the best possible action. Uncomfortable and difficult situations that do not require a choice are not considered as ethical dilemmas. Second condition for ethical dilemma requires a situation to have different courses of actions to choose from. In case of sexual harassment as an ethical dilemma, a victim must decide what the best option is to whether go to court for rights and make it a public issue or to resolve it with the firm personally. Last condition of an ethical dilemma is that some principle is compromised no matter what course of action is taken. Even if the victim charges a case against the organization he will lose his job or have fear of losing it. As all these conditions are fulfilled in sexual harassment, it is considered as an ethical dilemma. (Allen 2012) Other factors that qualify sexual harassment as an ethical dilemma include the complexity of both the situation itself and also of the selection of course of action to be followed post-harassment. A victim’s confusion regarding whether a co worker’s obscene comments and unwanted touching are actually harassment or whether he is being over sensitive, whether the incident should be

Principles of Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Persuasion - Essay Example This makes it a daily business as most of the clients that check in to the shop are convinced to settle for the available products and services. This is explicitly displayed in the Sears’ case where the salesperson used several principles of persuasion in selling a product to a client in need of a tractor. Principle of Reciprocation. Salespersons will try to help other people in the same way they would like to be helped. This is the case of helping a person when the salesperson would expect the same when shopping for some products and services that are needed. In this case, the salesperson was more than willing to help the client get the product. In the opening expression, the salesperson retorts â€Å"I’m here to help you find the right tractor for your needs.† In this statement, it is clear that the salesperson is willing to offer the services of helping the client find the appropriate tractor for their needs (Dillard and Pfau 518). In this approach, the client feels that the salesperson is positive about advising them on the best product. As such, the client pays more attention to the salesperson, which is the initial part in trying to record sales. In the client’s point of view, the salesperson is giving expertise solution and advice to get the best tractor for the job, since the client does not have knowledge or skills of the right tractor for the job. Nevertheless, the salesperson is supportive and helps the client as though it were the salesperson’s need for a tractor. Principle of Social Validation. Salespeople go to great lengths in ensuring they make sales by trying to know the social life of the clients. This is by engaging in some discussion about family, social life and other detailed approaches to life. In such an encounter, the client receives acceptance in the course of the transaction. In this case, it is openly seen that the salesperson was more concerned about the social life of the clients as compared to th e initial transaction of selling a tractor. During their lengthy talk, it is seen that they have the same hobbies and have a social life that is inclined to one side. This creates a bond between the salesperson and the client. As such, the client feels the connection and is willing to commit to the offer. Apparently, the client felt at ease making a deal with a salesperson that they had an array of activities and hobbies which were similar. As such, they belonged to a social group with the same aspects. This makes it easy to make negotiations and sales as they have a social understanding. Commitment and Consistency. The salesperson was quick to assert that the store had a number of tractors which were on sale. At this point, it is clear that the store has been offering products and services to the market for a long time as they have an array of products to offer. To make it clear to the client, the salesperson decided to take the client’s specification of the tractor in need (Dillard and Pfau 520). This eased the whole process as the sales person had to make a single choice. In proving consistency of the store in the market, the salesperson reiterated that the preferred model has been in the market for long, it is popular and preferred by many people. In showing commitment to the client, the salesperson offered a five-year warranty. This shows that the store would be liable for defects,

Reviewing TV Shows Essay Example for Free

Reviewing TV Shows Essay It seems today that all we see is violence, movies and sex on TV, but where are the good old fashion values on which we you to rely? The ironic opening lyrics to Family Guys opening theme tune. Family Guy is an animated American comedy programme that revolves around the Griffin family, who strive to cope with everyday life as they are tossed from one crazy scenario to another in each episode. Without a doubt, Family Guy has to be the freshest new animated comedy around and has been dubbed as the new Simpsons. However, I find that comparison fairly inaccurate as Family Guy presents its own unique style of animated comedy. In my opinion, the Family Guy creators and writers found their inspiration from the Simpsons, despite making more close to the bone scenarios and storylines. The Griffin household is comprised of two awkward teenagers, Chris and Meg, a smooth-talking yet cynical dog named Brian, parents Peter and Lois and a malformed baby called Stewie, who craves for world domination and the death of his family. Father Peter Griffin attempts to provide his family with the best but ends up in all types of sticky situations that are absurdly unthinkable. He often resembles Homer Simpson, whereas Homer is a clumsy oaf and yet loveable, its hard to find Peter Griffin adorable. Lois Griffin puts up with the tribulations that come with marrying Peter and rejected her parents millions to marry her love, much to the anger of them. Their strange children, Chris and Meg, both attend high school and often get trapped in Peters wacky and irreverent misadventures. Brian is the family dog whos more sophisticated than his owners. He has an eye for cocktails, spirits and fine wine. Out of all these unique characters, Stewie has emerged as my favourite after watching every episode at least three times. No matter who you are, two year-old Stewies witty remarks and his ultimate plan for world domination makes you think. Despite being raised from an American family from Rhode Island, Stewie talks with a posh, English accent with clarity and poise that pleasantly bemuses viewers. The programmes sheer disregard for political correctness can be a bit surprising at times, so surprising I find it difficult to believe certain jokes make the final edit. What impresses me the most about Family Guy is the use of ludicrous flashbacks, whether theyve actually happened to the family or not. This is what I think sets Family Guy apart from any other programme of its genre. The programme is also crammed with many subplots from the neighbourhood, following characters such as the womanising Glenn Quagmire and the Evil Monkey who lives in Chris Griffins wardrobe. The title of the show Family Guy is also interestingly named, as theyre referring to the father, Peter. Its slightly ironic as sometimes he brainlessly puts himself ahead of his family. You would expect a programme about a man who is family-orientated, but he certainly isnt! Overall, Family Guy is far and away one of the most audacious but clever television programmes Ive seen.

The Romantic City of Venice Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Ess

Venezia, known as Venice to the American, is one of the most unusual and romantic places in the world today. There you hear no car horns, alarms, or even squeaking brakes. There is just peace and quiet with a slight hum of the motor boats zooming by. You can be walking across a bridge where there are two lovers kissing and keep walking to the other side of the area and look back and they are still kissing. There is nothing to interrupt them, not even the slightest care in the world. It is a maze. Around one corner you could run right into the Grand Canal where you can hitch a ride on one of the famous gondolas, or around the next corner you might come to a famous square like the Piazza San Marco where the cobbled ground is covered in pigeons. Think that you know the way? You'd better, because if not, it will be a twisting trip home. Crossing the Rialto Bridge right over the Grand Canal, you can stop and listen, and the only sounds that you will hear are your footsteps, the quiet whispers of people's voices, or the hum of the motor boats that are whisking through the water below. A slight breeze crosses over the bridge and gives a outstanding sense of the natural and clean air that flows there. Across the bridge, you are in the heart of the city where you can take a narrow street called the Merceria that runs right through the city's chief shopping district and all the way back to Saint Mark's Square. The district is full of bustling people, mostly local residents, who are out for their occasional shopping, or have just gone for a stroll to get a couple of scoops of gelatto and just sit on a bench and chat with a friend. Saint Mark's Square is the center of activity in Venice. You can see the Basilica of Saint Mark or the ... ...da." The men on the barge just ignore their order to move, so they yell it again. This time the men on the barge just look over and give them a threatening look then keep unloading their gravel. After the third time, the older man on the barge drops his shovel, turns completely around and yells back at them, "Andarrsene, andare avanti," or go around. A fight breaks out and the men now exchange more unpleasant phrases. Then the men on the boat start their engine, swing their boat around, and head off in the other direction. The workers calmly continue to unload their gravel. When you want relaxation, culture, history, tradition, stimulation, and unique travel experiences, then Venezia is the destination of choice. After one night here, you'll feel the spirit of romance and adventure that lead the Venecians to smuggle the body of Saint Mark from Constantinople. The Romantic City of Venice Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Ess Venezia, known as Venice to the American, is one of the most unusual and romantic places in the world today. There you hear no car horns, alarms, or even squeaking brakes. There is just peace and quiet with a slight hum of the motor boats zooming by. You can be walking across a bridge where there are two lovers kissing and keep walking to the other side of the area and look back and they are still kissing. There is nothing to interrupt them, not even the slightest care in the world. It is a maze. Around one corner you could run right into the Grand Canal where you can hitch a ride on one of the famous gondolas, or around the next corner you might come to a famous square like the Piazza San Marco where the cobbled ground is covered in pigeons. Think that you know the way? You'd better, because if not, it will be a twisting trip home. Crossing the Rialto Bridge right over the Grand Canal, you can stop and listen, and the only sounds that you will hear are your footsteps, the quiet whispers of people's voices, or the hum of the motor boats that are whisking through the water below. A slight breeze crosses over the bridge and gives a outstanding sense of the natural and clean air that flows there. Across the bridge, you are in the heart of the city where you can take a narrow street called the Merceria that runs right through the city's chief shopping district and all the way back to Saint Mark's Square. The district is full of bustling people, mostly local residents, who are out for their occasional shopping, or have just gone for a stroll to get a couple of scoops of gelatto and just sit on a bench and chat with a friend. Saint Mark's Square is the center of activity in Venice. You can see the Basilica of Saint Mark or the ... ...da." The men on the barge just ignore their order to move, so they yell it again. This time the men on the barge just look over and give them a threatening look then keep unloading their gravel. After the third time, the older man on the barge drops his shovel, turns completely around and yells back at them, "Andarrsene, andare avanti," or go around. A fight breaks out and the men now exchange more unpleasant phrases. Then the men on the boat start their engine, swing their boat around, and head off in the other direction. The workers calmly continue to unload their gravel. When you want relaxation, culture, history, tradition, stimulation, and unique travel experiences, then Venezia is the destination of choice. After one night here, you'll feel the spirit of romance and adventure that lead the Venecians to smuggle the body of Saint Mark from Constantinople.

Corruption Free Pakistan Dream Or a Reality

Corruption simply means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those who are in power. As Lord Acton said: â€Å"Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely. † Corruption is the absence of honesty and virtue. Corruption is the evil which leads to the economic, social and moral problems in a country. The society void of law and order is a corrupt society. It is as old as man. It is a world-wide phenomenon. It is probably found in all the countries of the world. Corruption creates a deplorable situation in the country. Karl Kraus truly said:â€Å"Corruption is worse than prostitution, the latter might endanger the morals of an individual; the former invariably endangers the morals of the entire country. † When we come to know about corruption level in Pakistan, then we are forced to say that Pakistan is in a terrible situation these days because there is too much corruption in Pakistan. Every department is corrupt and not performing their duty honestly. The fun ds and money that should be spend to provide facilities to the people of Pakistan, they are gone in corruption. The development projects are incomplete due to corruption.We are lagging behind other nations of the world due to corruption in our country. Corruption is caused either by power or by absolute power. Frank Herbert clarifies it in this way: â€Å"Power attracts the corruptible. Absolute power attracts the absolutely corruptible†. There are various forms of corruption in Pakistan. It is found in the form of cheating, fraud, swindling, nepotism, jobbery and misappropriation of funds, bribery and acceptance of gratification. The corrupt people do not abide by the laws. They ignore morality and good manners. They cause many evils in the society.It is a flea that sucks the blood of the people of Pakistan. It defames and degrades the nation in the eyes of other nations of the world. When a sensible citizen of Pakistan ponders upon present condition of corruption in the cou ntry, he is curious to know about its root causes and its remedies. Corruption has been a menace for our country since the birth of this nation. There are many causes of the prevalence of corruption. Firstly, the wish to grow rich overnight is its root cause. Such people ignore moral values and try to feather their nest. Mostly the politicians are involved in this case.They always look to the rich and do not bother to look to the poor. Henry Kissinger explains it with authentic arguments: â€Å"Corrupt politicians make the other ten percent look bad. † The modern civilization has urged man to adopt a high standard of living. People want to live in bungalows and board costly cars. In order to lead a luxurious life, they use many fair or foul means to grab wealth. In this way, they cause corruption. Secondly, the prices of the commodities of life are rising daily. The government has no control over anything in society.In order to meet their needs, people resort to corruption an d cause different crimes in society. Thirdly, a few privileged hands in our country are very strong. No government has the power to enforce any policy after its own will rather it has to become a puppet in the hands of the industrialists and capitalists. All the people in government have fear in their minds due to these people. John Steinbeck correctly explains this fear in this way: â€Å"Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦perhaps the fear of a loss of power. † These people raise the prices of their production as and when they like.If a government tries to teach them a lesson, it has to lick the dust. Fourthly, fixed income people also cause corruption. The prices of commodities of life rise daily but their salaries are not raised with that ratio. As a result, they begin to accept bribery in order to keep up their standard of living or to fulfill their needs. Fifthly, widespread unemployment in society also causes corruption. When the government imposes ban o n new recruitment, the educated young men are forced to satiate their hunger in any way. As a result, they cause corruption. They become emotional in this situation.Friedrich Nietzsche says about these youngsters: â€Å"The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently. † Moreover, corrupt people thrive in society without any fear of punishment. They are very influential and are never brought to book. Seeing them, others are also encouraged. Sixthly, many evil customs and traditions prevail in our society. People spend lavishly on marriages and funerals only to avoid the taunts of the others. When they grow poor, they use unfair means to raise funds for their daily bread.Seventhly, modern age of fashion is also a great cause of prevalence of corruption. Now women spend more money on their upkeep than the past. They are not content with local made items of cosmetics. They always prefer to purcha se the imported costly items for beautification. For this purpose, they themselves accept bribery and also compel their husbands to do so. In this way, they cause corruption. Eighthly, many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth.George Bernard Shaw presents his views about these people: â€Å"Power does not corrupt men; fools, however, if they get into a position of power, corrupt power. † Many people become materialistic and money oriented. There is no importance of ethics and morals in business dealings. Many people think that money coming to their pocket is good. Same way, many thinking that money going out from their pocket is bad. But they don’t consider the way money is travelling. But money speaks the truth. As said by Robert A Heinlein: â€Å"Money is truthful. If a man speaks of his honor, make him pay cash.†The most important cause of co rruption is ignorance. People have no sense to elect honest and educated representatives. As a result, these corrupt people begin to feather their nests instead of working for the welfare of the nation. Therefore, corruption prevails in society. The question that arises in the mind of every citizen of Pakistan is that when and how our Pakistan will become free from this monster which has its hold on the whole society? When the antidote for this cruel virus will be prepared? What is the surest way to get rid of corruption?Is it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer which every Pakistani must strive to cure. Eradiation of corruption is, no doubt, a difficult task but not impossible. The following steps can uproot corruption from the society. Firstly, the government should try to spread education as early as possible. Secondly, it should launch an anti-corruption propaganda in the mass media. Thirdly, it should improve the economic condition of the count ry. Fourthly, corrupt people should be given exemplary punishments. Fifthly, the discretionary powers of the officers should be minimized.Sixthly, the anti-corruption department should be made more effective. Seventhly, equal distribution of wealth and leisure should be made effective. Eighthly, drive for simple living should be launched. Kurt Vonnegut presents his opposite views that corruption cannot stop or change the music and beauty of life: â€Å"No matter how corrupt, greedy, and heartless our government, our corporations, our media, and our religious & charitable institutions may become, the music will still be wonderful. † But majority has authority; we can neglect his views outright.Above conclusions enlighten and pave the way to understand and solve the major problem of corruption in our country. So, if we want to change this dream into reality, we should follow the good part of our heart. If we will start to believe in oneness of Allah, we will be able to play our role in its eradication. Then our dream of corruption free Pakistan will become a universal reality. Eduard Shevardnadze said that: â€Å"Corruption has its own motivations, and one has to thoroughly study that phenomenon and eliminate the foundations that allow corruption to exist. † God Bless Pakistan!

Bigfoot: in Search of the Truth Essay

Bigfoot is, without a doubt, the most recognized mystery in all of North America. The apelike being has reportedly been sighted thousands of times since the beginning of the 19th century. According to eyewitness testimonies, Bigfoot, also known as Sasqautch, is a gigantic beast that towers in at eight feet tall and weighs as much as six hundred pounds. Reports also say that the monster’s form is well built and usually covered in a thick, brownish fur. Many have asked if such a creature could possibly be roaming through the wilderness of North America and around the world, and the answer is yes. The amount of evidence supporting such a creature’s existence is astonishing. From footprint casting and fur samples to video evidence and numerous human sightings, Bigfoot’s existence cannot be doubted. There are three pieces of evidence supporting the existence of Bigfoot, the first of which is the thousands of eyewitness accounts. The first recorded sighting occurred in 1870 near a small town in California. The town newspaper, the Antioch Ledger, reported that a â€Å"gorilla man† or â€Å"wild man† had been sighted in the woods near the town. The paper deemed it unsafe to travel outside unless absolutely necessary because of the beast. Next, in 1901, a lumberjack on Vancouver Island reported seeing a â€Å"man beast† washing itself in a river near his base camp. The courageous lumberjack decided there and then to approach the beast and confront him. The strange â€Å"monkey man† quickly fled, though, as the man approached the river. Upon examining the tracks left behind, the lumberjack concluded that the prints were almost identical to that of a human, except for the extremely large size. After the incident, many reports began pouring in from the Vancouver area of Canada. The residents of the area became well aware of the existence of a very elusive creature in the area, and it was they who first coined the term Bigfoot. By 1960, thousands of reports on the existence of Bigfoot flooded in from all over the United States. The sightings usually occurred in mountainous, woodland areas near rivers and streams. Many thought that those who claimed such things were crazy, but it was at this time that the inevitable happened: Bigfoot was captured on film. On October 20, 1967, Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin, two Bigfoot researchers, were horseback riding in the dried river bed of Bluff Creek in Northern California. It was an area with an extraordinary number of sightings, but the two did not believe what they saw next. There before them, kneeling in the dried creek bed was Bigfoot. The creature spooked the men’s horses which forced them to dismount. They quickly grabbed their video camera and started filming. The beast slowly stood up, looked around, and then proceeded to stroll off into the woods. The film was soon released to the press and caused quite a commotion around the world. Researchers quickly arrived on the scene and found that the sequence of events had happened just as the tape had shown. Studying the film, it was also concluded through the creature’s movements, that its neuromuscular system was of something not human. Furthermore, it was determined that human reenactment was not possible because a suit so sophisticated and detailed could have been made by only two manufacturers in the United States, but both companies denied all allegations against them (Bigfoot). After the study was concluded, there were still many skeptics on the whole ordeal. These skeptics have suggested that the first two pieces of the puzzle are not enough to prove the existence of a new type of creature. The numerous stories and reports are believed to have been made up and the video footage faked. There is evidence that cannot be ignored, though. That evidence is the physical remains that have been collected over time. This physical evidence includes footprint castings, and samples of fur and feces, all of which have been found to be something not known to modern science. According to many experts, including Dr. Henner Farenbach, director of the Oregon Regional Primate Center, the collected evidence supports the existence of an animal that has not been classified scientifically. He also states that every specimen from over the last 60 years is nearly identical to the next, making the theory of Individual pranksters responsible for a hoax nearly impossible (Sasquatch FAQ). Besides this fact, tracks studied by researchers from institutions, such as Washington State University, Ohio State University, Yale, and even the University of London, have been found to follow the law of the Gaussian Distribution of Weight. This means that the footprints have a life-like shape and the distribution of weight over the print is correct. All of these facts are bittersweet though, since sample specimens have nothing to be compared to since no actual creature specimen has been collected. It can be concluded, however, that these remains did not come from any animal currently known to modern science. Bigfoot’s existence can no longer be denied. No longer is it a question of Bigfoot being real, but rather a question of man’s capability in being able to believe the truth. The facts cannot be mistaken. Besides being seen time and time again, video footage has been collected. This alone is enough to make many believe, but for the rest, the physical evidence is unmistakably real. As the theory progresses, more and more credible researchers come forward to show support in such a creature’s existence. They do this at the risk of losing their own credibility. None, however, are capable of an explanation for Bigfoot’s uncanny ability to remain hidden from human observation, the nature of which remains to be a question. Perhaps, though, as more and more people start to believe in the truth, questions will be answered and the mystery solved.

The Student’s Complete Guide to Writing a Religious Studies Term Paper

The Student’s Complete Guide to Writing a Religious Studies Term Paper A term paper is usually a student’s biggest writing project in their class, whether it be for a religious studies class or another class. While term papers are common in college courses, they are sometimes required for high school classes as well. For the purpose of this article, we will give you religious studies term paper writing tips that will work well for both college and high school classes. Other than the topic section, most of this article can also be used for learning how to write a term paper for most other classes. What’s the Point of   Religious Studies Term Paper? You might be wondering what’s the point of writing a term paper. After all, wouldn’t taking a test be a better judge of what you have learned in the class? One of the major reasons why teachers and professors assign term papers is so that they can get a good idea of your communication skills, rather than seeing what you have memorized. Writing a term paper not only uses writing skills, but also research skills. Your term paper should also be able to show your teacher some of the major lessons you have taken from the class. In most cases, when writing a term paper, you can elaborate on something you have learned in class. Don’t be afraid to go into detail and get your hands dirty by digging for sources. Your term paper should be able to prove that you were paying attention in class and that you know how to apply what you have learned. Let’s take a look at some of the ways you can do this in a religious studies class. Picking a Topic and Topic Suggestions: Ideas Tips from Our Academic Writers Picking a topic for a religious studies term paper can be one of the most difficult tasks of the whole assignment. Luckily for you, we have compiled a list of a few topics that you can use for most religious studies classes with prompts for how you might use them in your own paper. Feel free to use any of these topics in your own term paper. Should Church and State be Separate? As an example, the United States of America claims to have a separation of church and state; however, many laws are based on religious beliefs. Should the church and state be separate, or should laws be based on sins? Explain your reasoning. Use examples describing countries that have a separate church and state and countries that don’t. Religion Versus Spirituality Are religion and spirituality the same thing or are they different? Write about what they have in common and what is different between the two. Do some religions include aspects of spirituality? Can one be spiritual but not religious? Teaching Religion in Public Schools: Good or Bad? Should religion be taught in public schools? If so, should only certain religions be taught or should all of the religions be discussed? Find examples of schools that teach religion and schools that are against this practice. Homosexuality and Religion Many religious people are against homosexuality, while other religious people don’t have a problem with it. Do certain religious texts protest or praise homosexuality? If any, what is the penalty for being homosexual? Islam and other Monotheistic Religions Islam has recently been a topic of debate in many countries around the world. However, is Islam really so different from other monotheistic religions? Compare and contrast Islam with other monotheistic religions like Christianity and Judaism. Tips for a Simplified Writing Process Now that we have discussed why writing a term paper is so important and some topics that you can use in your own paper, let’s take a look at how you can get started on writing your own term paper. This section will give you some tips on what to do before, during, and after writing the first draft of your term paper. We will also provide you with some helpful resources and examples of how to implement our tips into your own term paper. Pre-Writing Tips There are a few steps you will want to take before you even start writing your term paper. More than anything else, this section is all about organization and saving time! While doing these pre-writing tips will take up an hour or two before you begin writing your paper, these tips will help you to save time when you are actually writing your term paper. Let’s take a look at how this works. One of the first things you should do after picking out your topic is to make an outline for your term paper. Outlines are one of the best tools a student can use to organize their paper. If you click here, you will be redirected to an outline PDF. You can use this sheet to make your own outline. All you need to do is fill in the blank. Outlines work to fight against writer’s block. Since you will already have all of the main points of your paper outlined, you are less likely to get stuck when you are writing your paper. Just follow your outline and you’ll be golden! The next step to take in your pre-writing is to get all of your research out of the way. Having an outline can also help with knowing what to research. Since you will already have all of your main points written down, you will already know what it is you are supposed to be researching. When you are looking for resources, try to stick to using scholarly sources, as these kinds of sources are more reliable than non-scholarly sources. Once you find a good source to use in your research, make sure to take a bunch of notes! The more notes you take, the less time you will have to spend re-reading the information from your source, whether it be a book, article, or website. When you are taking notes, make sure to write down where you got the source from. Even better, write down the source in MLA formatting, or whatever citation format your professor or teacher requires your source to be written in. You can also type these sources directly in your page, which can help you to save time in the long-run. Term Paper Writing Tips for Religious Studies Classes Now, let’s look at how to actually write your term paper. Since a term paper is one of the largest assignments you are likely to have all term, it is important that you write it right. By reading this section, you can get a great understanding of what goes into a term paper. Learn about each of the prominent sections of a term paper below. Introduction and Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the most important part of the introduction; this is true whether you are writing a term paper, research paper, or even a simple essay. To put it simply, a thesis statement is a one-sentence-long statement that describes the main point(s) of your term paper. When you are writing a thesis statement, you should make sure that it is in the first paragraph of your term paper. You will know if your thesis statement is good if it contains the following elements. it is specific; it is clear; it gives the main point(s) of the term paper; it gives reasoning and/or evidence that supports the main point. Let’s look at an example of a good and bad thesis statement for a religious studies term paper. The first example will be a bad thesis statement, and the second will show how it can be improved upon by using the points above. ‘Some religions think Jesus was the son of God, while other religions think he was just a prophet.’ ‘In the Christian faith, Jesus is seen to be the son of God, proven by the fact that he died on the cross, which Christians say he did to save humanity from their sins; however, Jewish people and Muslims see Jesus as a prophet and think humanity’s real savior has yet to come to Earth.’ On the last note about introductions, it is important to know that the average introduction is only one paragraph long. It always comes at the beginning of the term paper and is used to support the thesis statement. Citations are usually not required in the introduction, but they will need to be used in the body paragraphs. Body Paragraphs Body paragraphs are all about supporting the main argument of your paper. The thesis statement makes up your basic claim and the body paragraphs show the evidence to prove it. Even if your term paper is slightly opinion-based (which is more common in essays than term papers), you should still be able to write about evidence that supports your opinion. When writing a body paragraph, it is important to begin the paragraph with an introduction of its own. The first sentence should always state the paragraph’s main point. The following sentences (usually two to four sentences) should contain the evidence/proof to support your main point. Your evidence will need to be cited! Use internal citations to do this. The last sentence of your body paragraph should be a conclusion use it to sum up your paragraph. Body paragraphs make up the bulk of a term paper, so you will want to make sure you do it right. Adding in your citations is one of the most important steps you can take. If you do not internally cite your sources, then you may end up being accused of plagiarism or even fail your paper. Conclusion In a lot of ways, your conclusion is much like your introduction. When writing your conclusion, you may want to begin by rephrasing your thesis statement. It should be an edited version of your statement, not an exact copy. Next, sum up your body paragraphs. One sentence or less for each paragraph should be good enough. Lastly, add a nice closer to your paper, and that’s it! You’re doneat least with the body of the paper. Page Having a works-cited page is just as important, if not more important, as having internal citations. A works-cited page is simply a list of all of the citations you used in the paper. The citations should also be listed in alphabetical order. Most religious studies classes will likely have you use the MLA format, but others may have you use APA formatting. Ask your teacher which formatting to use if you are unsure. Post-Writing Tips: The Last but Not Least One of the last things you want to do before you turn in a paper is to edit it for clarity, spelling/grammar, and plagiarism. It doesn’t really matter what order you make these edits, so long as you make them before turning in your paper. After all, it’s better that you find and correct your mistakes than your teacher or professor finds them and marks down your grade for it. Follow the tips below to edit your paper: Read your paper out loud to find mistakes you may have glossed over earlier; Have a friend look over your term paper; they may be able to find mistakes that you missed; Run your paper through a spelling and grammar checker, like Grammarly, to find mistakes your word processor may not be able to find; Use a plagiarism checker to find instances of accidental plagiarism. One good checker to use is Turnitin, as they offer free trials of their service. Follow the tips and suggestions in this article and you are sure to write your paper with ease. Remember to always check for mistakes before you turn in your paper! Good luck with your religious studies term paper; we hope we have made the task a little easier for you!

Bio Medicine Essay Example for Free

Bio Medicine Essay Two Cathy Ann Wilson-Bates Western Governors University EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE & APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH EBP 1 Brenda Luther, PhD, RN January 25, 2012 Task Two Introduction: What I have learned about working with children in a chronic healthcare setting like dialysis is that they are resilient beings with the propensity for rapid changes in their medical condition. Children almost always surprise me in their unique description of symptoms and pain. Depending on their age, they may not be able to describe the symptoms they feel or tell me â€Å"where it hurts†. A simple ear ache may be described as a â€Å"drum in my ear† or may be observed with non verbal cues like tugging on the ear. Acute Otitis Media is seen quite often during the cold and flu season. Recent clinical guidelines suggest waiting twenty four to seventy two hours before beginning antibiotic therapy. Parents of children with symptoms of otitis media are accustomed to receiving a prescription for antibiotics before they leave the medical office. Adults as well are preconditioned for the little white slip of paper from their physician. Waiting twenty four to seventy two hours to evaluate the need for antibiotics will definitely reduce the over-prescription of antibiotics as well as their efficacy. The waiting and watching of several days may seem like an eternity to a parent caring for a sick and crying child. Educating parents during routine visits to the physician office about the risks of over-prescribing antibiotics will help when the physician needs to discuss the possibility of waiting and evaluating before prescribing antibiotics. Providing a list of comfort measures parents can follow may help relieve the anxiety they have in caring for a sick child. Any comfort measure taken to reduce crying is helpful to the parent of a sick child, but mostly to the child. The following table and paragraphs will share the results of how one group of nurses at an outpatient clinic used clinical evidence to manage this situation. Source |Type of Resource |Source appropriate or |Type of Research | | |general information, |inappropriate |primary research evidence, | | |filtered, or unfiltered | |evidence summary, evidence-based | | | | |guideline, or none of these | |American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of|Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |Family Physicians. Clinical practice guideline: | | | | |Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. | | | |Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media . | | | | |Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. | | | | |Ear, nose, and Throat, Current pediatric diagnosis and|General |Inappropriate |None of these | |treatment. | | | | |Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of |Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence –based guideline | |increasing microbial resistance. Pediatric Infectious| | | | |Disease Journal | | | | |Results from interviews with parents who have brought |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Primary research evidence | |their children into the clinic for acute otitis media. | | | | | | | | | Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 13 No 5 1451-1465. This article is an evidence-based clinical guideline. It is a systematic review making it a filtered resource which is very appropriate for this situation. The article describes the current, (as of 2004) recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Acute Otitis Media (Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media, 2004). These guidelines show several different ways to treat acute otitis media depending on the symptoms of the child. It states that sometimes waiting to give antibioti cs is good and sometimes waiting to give antibiotics is not good. This article is appropriate and provides clarity on the topic. Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. This article discusses antibiotic resistance and describes the bacterial pathogens which are responsible for infections causing acute otitis media. This article is appropriate. It contains a comparison of studies performed based on the different types of bacteria which cause acute otitis media. It stresses the importance of identifying the bacteria causing the infection before giving antibiotics so that number one the bacteria can be eradicated and other bacteria will not become resistant (Block, 1997). PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. This textbook source contains general information on the ear, nose and throat. There is much more information here regarding basic anatomy and physiology as well as characteristics of the ear nose and throat. The information regarding otitis media is basic and not an appropriate source of research in this situation for three reasons. Number one, the information is very basic, number two, it does not give any up to date information on how to treat this type of infection, and number three there is too much non-relevant information. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. This article is a review of the known etiologies that may cause acute otitis media. The article gives up to date information on therapeutic approaches when selecting an appropriate antibiotic therapy. We don’t practice â€Å"cookie cutter† medicine. The same prescription is not always right for all patients or all communities where some bacteria’s may be more prevalent than others (McCracken, 1998). This is appropriate information for this group of people or community. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) This set of interviews is simply raw data. General information can however provide great insight as to what is happening out in the community. For example, this information might shed light on the fact that if the parents are willing to hold off on antibiotics for example, would they be more likely to follow up and come back into the clinic when asked? The reaction of parents is dependent upon other several basic factors like finances, a belief system and possibly the ability to obtain transportation. Knowing how the community is going to respond to their choice may have a great effect on the decisions they make. When evaluating the findings of these sources cumulatively, one must first determine the causative pathogens infecting patients in this given community with acute otitis media. After pathogen determination we can determine which antibiotics may be most useful in eradicating the given bacteria. Careful selection of antibiotic therapy will reduce the propensity for antibiotic resistance. Watchful waiting may be a good thing from the perspective of increasing microbial resistance however we must always evaluate patients on their individual needs or on a patient by patient case. One size doesn’t always fit all. Patient education is the key to keeping the public informed of current practice. Physicians and Nurses need to be consistent in the lesson plan shared with patients and remain true to our scope of practice. Communication is essential between the physician, nurse and other multidisciplinary team members in order to provide the best care. There are many considerations in assessing if patients are able to withstand the waiting and evaluation period. Low income families are one example of how the waiting and watching method might not work. Parents may have to take time off work to come to clinic with a sick child. They might struggle finding money for the additional return trip to the clinic and may risk losing their job if they take more time off work. Many low income families may have already waited before seeking help thus creating their own watchful waiting period. They also may not be able to afford antibiotics and as a result may not give the full dose if symptoms have subsided. The perception is that they will save the medication for the next time symptoms arise. Confidentiality might be an issue in smaller communities. People tend to be concerned about neighbors and co-workers and some may not care to share their experience with others. This may be an issue for parents who don’t share custody as in the case of divorce. It is a greater issue when parents or partners don’t share the same fundamental values, especially those related to healthcare. Conclusion: Watchful waiting like the nurses in this clinic are looking at may be useful for some of the patients, but not all. Again, a one size fits all philosophy is not always appropriate in healthcare. Tools like algorithms may be helpful in determining the appropriateness for watching and waiting versus immediate action as determined by physical findings and social circumstances like parental adherence for follow up and ability to afford treatment. Whatever course you choose, watchful waiting or immediate antibiotics the best practice remains a plan of care based on the individual needs of our patients. References Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 113 No 5 1451-1465. Bio Medicine. (2018, Oct 22).

Coming to Live in a Foreign Country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coming to Live in a Foreign Country - Essay Example I was very excited when I got admission in a United States College. Though I had hoped for it, however, for it to come true so easily was very exhilarating. I was glad that I had been granted this opportunity, both by the college’s board of admissions and by my family who supported my decision to go abroad for higher studies. The delight at felt at being able to be on my own, and that too in a foreign land was indescribable. I constantly made plans regarding how I would go about settling in once I reached the United States. I was essentially entering a new phase in my life and was very keen and enthusiastic about starting this chapter of my life. However, once I reached the United States, in fact as soon as I landed at the airport, I felt a strange sense of trepidation. Everything I saw and heard was new to me. All of a sudden I was surrounded by sights and sounds that were very unfamiliar. There were lots of people at the airport, in fact, it would be right to say that there was a throng of people at the airport, yet I felt completely and utterly alone. Out of all of these people around me, I knew nobody. What is more, nobody knew me. I felt like an outsider as if I somehow did not belong in this multitude of people. I was scared that this feeling of loneliness might get too much for me to bear, causing me to be unable to enjoy anything, but I was pleasantly surprised to find that that was not the case. All of a sudden, the feeling of anxiety was replaced by a sense of excitement. If I were essentially an outsider, then everything I was seeing was a new sight for me. I looked at everything I passed by closely. From the airport till I reached the college campus, I tried to absorb as much as I could. Everything seemed novel to me, even the simple and mundane things like air vents in buildings and how people had a different voice cadence in the United States than in Nigeria seemed to excite me. There was a sense of newness to everything. I noticed even dull and routine details around me and became excited over them. Though at first I only noticed the newness with an excited mindset, yet soon enough that excitement changed to trepidation. I simply had not taken to account the fact that there will be quite a lot of cultural gaps and cultural differences that I will have to cross. It is a given that all countries have their own set of norms and the adage of â€Å"when in Rome, do as the Romans do† entails that one follows local customs. I did not want to offend anyone for my lack of knowledge regarding local customs. Soon enough, though, I discovered that there were quite a bit of similarities between the two cultures of Nigeria and United States. I was still, however, afraid of offending others for my lack of understanding or knowledge regarding local culture. It was soon clear to me, though, that United States has a more relaxed approach towards following cultural norms and one can fit in without having to change or adapt much. Although that is true, nonetheless, I still looked forward to learning new things about the culture of the foreign land I found myself in. Perhaps it seems like my feelings were that of a child who is brought to a toy shop and told to go on an

Fundamentals of organizational behavior Research Paper

Fundamentals of organizational behavior - Research Paper Example The main objective of OB was to lay emphasis on the different elements of this subject to understand the varied facets of the employee behavior. Therefore, the origin of OB is derived from the above mentioned subjects. In France, the emergence of OB was with the evolving of other subjects and was quite different from OB taught in the east, UK and USA. OB laid emphasis on the varied aspects like organizational communication, development, outcome and climate (Desreumaux 352-444). The communication system in France was developed since a long time and the dissemination of information was structured in a unique way. Thus, OB in France focused especially on the organizational communication, which is considered as backbone for the smooth integration of activities and systems within the organization (Desreumaux 444-577). Organizational Culture, Social Systems, Role & Status Organizational structure is largely dependent on the organizational culture, which helps in the development of a positi ve organizational climate (Jackson, â€Å"Cross-Cultural Management and NGO Capacity Building†) In France, the different kinds of organization usually have formal or informal structures, which lead to creation of different kinds of organizational culture, climate and environment (Brennan and Vecchi 149-164). The development of social culture within the organization is essential for the perfect balance between the organizational environment and outcome. In France, mostly the employee attitudes, beliefs and opinions form the basis of development of employee role, which contributes significantly to the individual employee outcome. The role of an employee plays a significant role in the formulation of strategy, which can help in tackling organizational problems and removal of functional barriers. The role of the employees or designation is very important in shaping the organizational culture. It also helps in the contribution to the integration of the varied systems and process o f the organization (Davidson and Omar 1352-1706). Motivation, Maslow’s Hierarchy Model & Herzberg Two Factor Needs Motivation inspires the employees, who indirectly help in increasing the employee outcome. Motivation also helps in the systematic grouping of the organization, which leads to proper teamwork and coordination of activities among varied departmental units. The French give due importance to the systematic grouping, which lead to proper delegation of tasks and activities. This in turn promotes the development of positive organizational climate for the betterment of the entire system. As mentioned before, the French organization give due importance to the communication channel within the organization, which relies heavily on the certain factors like motivation, leadership etc. Similarly, the Maslow Needs of Hierarchy is critically important in French organizations, which serves purposeful as guidance for the increase in the organizational outcome and also to maintain a perfect balance within the organ

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Summary - Essay Example Therefore a careful attempt is made by the authors to bring out all the effects that the rapid change of the family structure is making on the economy. It also states the difference between the structure of the married and the individual working class. It lays an emphasis on the role of the different genders in a family and their relationships. With the rapid change of the economy and the society there has been transformation in the role of the family members. Therefore the authors have tried to emphasize on the current change of roles in between man and woman and their implications. According to the authors, the relationship between the members of the family directly affects the market and its outcomes. The authors seem to bring clear evidence that the family as a unit is continuously aiming for maximizing their income. Taking this into consideration it can be assumed that the monetary issues are one of the prime considerations of the family members and all other goals and aims revo lve round the primary aim. Chapter four of the book, ‘‘Economics of Women, Men, and Work’ basically deals with the time allotment between the household and the labor market. The major emphasis is made on the female gender in this area. The authors have made it clear in their book that they advocate more and more female participations in the labor market. Primarily, the women are involved in the household work therefore that they do not often get time for any other job. But as the aim of the family unit, according to the authors, is maximization of income, thus the women should allocate time both for the household chores and even their career. Right allocation of time between both would not only help the women but also the family in both short and long runs. In the short run, it will help the family in maximizing their income and also in the long run these earnings will provide the women and their children a better economic viability in

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD GROUP MEMBERS ARIEL MAHABIRSINGH RACHEL CADOGAN BACKGROUND AND HISTORY OF THE OECD (OECD 2010) Background The OECD is the replacement organization to the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) whose specific purposes was to help the reconstruction of Europe after World War Two. The OECD development was not always smooth one as it has been perceived as â€Å"rich man’s club† its members account for approximately three-fifths of the world’s GNI and has faced many calls for its dismantlement (Woodward, Richard 2009). Over the past 50 years, the OECD has become a valuable source of â€Å"policy analysis and internationallycomparable statistical, economic and social data.† (USOECD 2014) MEMBER NATIONS Image showing member nations of the OECD (OECD 2014) MISSION The OECD mission is â€Å"to promote policies that will improve sustainable economic growth and development, maximize employment social well-being of people around the world.† (Woodward, 2009) ORGANISATIONL STRUCTURE The OECD functions as three tier structure. This is comprised of a Council, a Secretariat and Committees. The Council, which is at the top, consists of ambassadors from the various member states that are in charge of establishing goals and policy issues. The Council holds the power of decision making as they handle the oversight and strategic direction of the organisation. The Secretariat is made up of the Secretary General, the deputy Secretaries General and directorates. These include economists, scientists and lawyers and several administrative staff, who are responsible for research, data collection and analysis. The Secretary General chairs the Council and thereby manages the work of the Secretariat. The Committees comprise of representatives from various member countries that come together to form groups such as education, environment, trade and investment. Table 1 showing: the organizational structure of the OECD (OECD 2014) ROLE AND FUNCTION The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has many key roles. These roles include: The major functions of the OECD are: To provide a platform in which governments of member nations can use to find solutions to common problems organize policies and share good practices To set global standards and principles by monitoring economic trends. and development policies To offers the know-how and ideas to over 1000 non-member countries for their development. (Economy Watch 2010) HOW THE OECD DOES IT? The OECD used the wide range of information gathered on various topics to help governments promote â€Å"prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and financial stability. They also ensure the environmental implications of economic and social development are taken into account. OECDs work is based on continued monitoring of events in member countries as well as outside OECD area, and includes regular projections of short and medium-term economic developments.The OECD Secretariat collects and analyses data, after which committees discuss policy regarding this information, the Council makes decisions, and then governments implement recommendations. † (OECD 2014) Table 2 showing: The way the OECD works (OECD 2014) Types of Publications The OECD publications fall into three cqtegories Key Publication, which include Factbooks. At a Glance books, Insights, Outlooks, Economic Surveys, OECD Observer, Better Policies Series, OECD Insights and Blogs. They also produce several other types which include statistics, journals,magazines and papers (OECD 2014) A couple examples are as followed BOOKS: Africn Economic Outlook 2014 Health at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2012 Agricultural Policy Monitering and Evaluation 2014 JOURNALS: Financiaal Market Trends Competition Law Policy STATISTICS: OECD Health Statistics OECD Productivity Statistics OECD Science, Technology and RD Statistics Papers; Education Indicators in Focus Trade Policy Papers (OECD ILIBRARY2014) Development Projects of the OECD 1. OVERCOMING SCHOOL FAILURE: POLICIES THAT WORK â€Å"This project is based on the idea that the OECD can provide effective support to countries on how to progress toward fair and inclusive education systems,† It offers data on the policies that are successful in reducing school failure, and supports countries in promoting reform. This project directly reflects one of the roles OECD—providing the platform where governments can work together to solutions to common problems and share good practices. This project is both comparative and selective. It offers the breakdown of challenges faced by countries as well as an overview of the different policies implemented across OECD countries that aims at equity in education policies. Countries that are interested can have a targeted national assessment seminar during which the precise situation of the country will be examined. (OECD 2010) The overall aim of this project is to provide assistance and support to countries trying to improving their education policy and practices, in order to achieve reduction in failure and dropout rates. It updates and fine-tunes policies giving â€Å"tailor-made advice on how to design and model their policies, as well as on how to overcome barriers to implementation†. (OECD 2010) Table 3 showing: The structure of the OECD Project Overcoming School Failure: Policies That Work (OECD 2010) 2. PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT (PISA) (Locally) What is PISA? PISA is the OCED’s answer to the global call for countries to have a way of comparing the effect of their investments in schooling on the students’ knowledge and skills. (Oxford University Centre for Educational Assessment. 2011) This is an international assessment that examines educational performances on a common measure that is, reading science across countries, OCED member nations, partner nations and other non-members. (OECD 2014)It addresses the questions of if students are ready for real life future challenges? Are they able to analyze and communicate effectively? Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela have all participated in this project. (OECD 201) Why PISA? With PISA and other data provided by the OECD together with policy analysis, helps to build more effective and unbiased educational system with improved outcomes. As PISA addresses the future questions, the data gathered by this research helps to shape policy plans by identifying possible future issues. (OECD 2014) PISA represents a pledge by nations to supervise the outcomes of education systems through measuring student achievement on a regular basis and within an internationally agreed common framework. It aims to present a new foundation for policy dialogue and for partnership in defining and executing educational goals, in inventive ways that reflect judgments about the skills that are relevant to adult life. (OECD, 2009, p.9) PISA is one of the OECD major policy tools; this programme has pioneered new and highly collaborative ways in which to measure progress in societies on a global scale. There are many lessons that can be learnt from PISA on how to evaluate learning, the pace of achieving learning goal. Some countries have used their PISA results for a policy discussion indicates the likely pace of progress towards achieving a learning goal. 3. THE BETTER LIFE INITIATIVE (Globally) This project is a combination of various OCED works that makes an effort for move beyond GDP as a measure the well being of society, the OCED has pioneered a field of research that focuses on the aspects of life that matter to people and shapes their quality of life. They have identified 11 dimensions as being essential in terms of ‘material living conditions† which are income, housing and jobs and â€Å"quality of life â€Å"education, community, local environment, governance, health, subjective life satisfaction work/life balance and personal safety.(OECD 2011) This initiative is measured by the better life index Table 4 showing: The features of measuring well being [1] (OECD 2011) â€Å"The Better Life Indexes an interactive tool that allows you to see how countries perform according to the importance you give to each of 11 topics that make for a better life. From a statistical point of view, the Index relies on best practices for building composite indicators. The Index is robust to various methodological assumptions.† 4. LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN-OECD INVESTMENT INITIATIVE (Regionally) This Initiative aims to increase the input of private investment to economic and social development. It help improves government policies at three levels: (OECD 2010) Table 5 showing: How the initiative improves government policies Success and Failure of Initiatives SUCCESS: The Better Life Initiative has been by itself a success, considering that it is a newly introduced program. Out of this came the â€Å"Better Life Index† and â€Å"How’s Life†. The Better Life Index which was launched in 2011 is an interactive tool that allows one to assess the performance of countries based on eleven key elements that are important in the development and well being of OECD countries. It has been created in order to involve and engage citizens as they too play a role in the decision making of policies that lead the way to their social well being. The eleven dimensions include: Housing, Income, Jobs, Community, Education, Environment, Governance, Health, Life Satisfaction, Safety and Work Life Balance. . Each flower represents one country . Each petal represents one of the eleven dimensions . The length of the petal represents the country’s score in a topic and the width represents the importance of the topic (OECD 2011) Table 6 showing: How the better life index works (OECD 2012) FAILURE: PISA Program for International Student Assessment is an international evaluation that measures fifteen year old students’ performance in areas such as reading, mathematics and science literacy. It was first administered in 2000 and this is when Finland’s education system became involved. Finland has been the world leader in education however; recent assessments have shown that they are no longer at the top as results have declined since the mid 2000’s. PISA has driven the improvement in the beginning, however recent trends have changed. The involvement of PISA has therefore become a question in the education system. Some argue that it has encouraged the altering of teaching styles, curricula and grading schemes to make students well adapted to the program. It is established that while PISA has developed the Finnish education system in the early 2000’s it has also done some harm and produced minor downfalls. It has been proven to be an expensive way of handling the students who are â€Å"left behind†. These students sometimes become school drop outs or prolong their period of stay in order to successfully complete school. This therefore incurs additional costs on the governments. A second major issue is the gender differences in various areas of study. An example of this is in mathematics where girls are less motivated to learn and perform. This also ties in with the fact that girls are underrepresented in certain career fields such as engineering and computer science. This then widens the gap in education and so places more emphasis on one side, rather than an equal and fair system.(Strauss, 2013) Table 7 showing: PISA results Perception and Responses to the Institution PUBLIC PERCEPTON Positive Perception The OECD is seen as an organization with a bright future because it is forward thinking, one of the best in analysis and policy advice. It is seen as an essential international organization that provides a place for interstate consensus and cooperation bringing nations with similar challenges of globalization and sustainable development together. (Julin 2003) The OECD is perceived as being useful with their data since in some instances has improved policies and strategies when used to implement internal measures, (Asia Society. 2014) Negative Perception Mr. Paul Krugman is of the view that the OECD in the wake of soaring unemployment rates and low inflation â€Å"have consistently called for policies that would depress advanced economies even more.† He believes the OECD often makes recommendations without a rigid application of conventional economic models. (Krugman 2013) Some believe other institutions such as the World Bank and the World Economic Forum have become competitors the OECD and are actually outperforming them in issues that were once considered OECD turf. They believed that the OECD is outperformed due to the way in which they operate -extremely slow- making the organization seem powerless to pushing burning problems to the top of their agenda. Because of this, there is the perception that the OECD is not a key player in dealing with the issues of globalization and sustainable development. (Julin 2003) CIVIL SOCIETY AND NGO’S PERCEPTION The OECD has been engaging with civil society since its inception. For many years the civil societies, especially those whose focus is on business and labour sectors through the Business and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC) and the Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC) has had a positive response to the OECD since the OECD has increasingly engaged in formal dialogues with them. (Global Policy Forum 2003) On the other hand, some civil organizations a NGO’S view the OECD as â€Å"a servant of developed country interests, sometimes even as an adversary, rather than a partner, in globalization and sustainable development† Civil societies especially criticize the OECD for their lack of openness to membership to nations other than European and a few rich non-European nations (Julin 2003) especially since the dialogue with these other interests are usually informal.. References Asia Society. 2014. â€Å"What is PISA and Why Does it Matter?†Accessed September 22, 2014. http://asiasociety.org/education/learning-world/what-pisa-and-why-does-it-matter Economy Watch. 2010. â€Å"Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.† Accessed September 15, 2014. http://www.economywatch.com/international-organizations/organization-of-economic-cooperation-and-development.html Friends of the Chair group on broader measures of progress. 2014. Some national, regional and international efforts and practices in the measurement of sustainable development and human well-being.† Friends of the Chair group on broader measures of progress. Global Policy Forum 2003. â€Å"NGOs and the OECD†. Accessed September 22, 2014 https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/177/31572.html, Julin, Jorma. 2003. â€Å"The OECD: Securing the future† OECD Observer, December. Accessed September 22, 2014 http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/1197/The_OECD:_Securing_the_future.html Krugman, Paul. 2013. â€Å"Uncertain at the OECD.† The New York Times. September 12, Accessed September 22, 2014 http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/uncertain-at-the-oecd/?_php=true_type=blogs_r=0 OECD 2010, â€Å"Active with Latin America and Caribbean†. Accessed September 28, 2014. http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/Latin_America_2013_GB.pdf OECD 2010, †Latin America and Caribbean: Conference on investment for jobs and development, Santiago, Chile, 27-28 September 2010† Accessed September 28, 2014 http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/latinamericaandcaribbeanconferenceoninvestmentforjobsanddevelopmentsantiagochile27-28september2010.htm OECD 2011. How’s Life? Measuring well-being, OECD Publishing Accessed September 18, 2014http://dx.doi.org.10.1787/9789264121164-en OECD 2011. â€Å"Latin America and Caribbean: Conference on investing in infrastructure for jobs and development† Accessed September 28, http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/latinamericaandcaribbeanconferenceoninvestingininfrastructureforjobsanddevelopment.htm OECD. 2011. â€Å"OECD Launches Your Better Life Index.† Accessed September 20, 2014. http://www.oecd.org/general/oecdlaunchesyourbetterlifeindex.htm OECD 2012. â€Å"Latin America and Caribbean: Conference on international value chains† Accessed September 28, 2014. http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/conferenceonglobalvalue-chainsandcompetitiveness.htm OECD. 2014. â€Å"About PISA† Accessed September 19, 2014. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/aboutpisa/pisafaq.htm OECD. 2014. â€Å"History.†Accessed September 15, 2014 http://www.oecd.org/about/history/. OECD. 2014. â€Å"Members and Partners†. Accessed September 18, 2014 http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/ OECD. 2014.†Latin America and Caribbean: Conference on infrastructure investment† Accessed September 28,, 2014. http://www.oecd.org/countries/peru/lac-2014-infrastructure-conference.htm OECD. â€Å"OECDiLibrary.† Accessed September 17, 2014. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/books;jsessionid=2pk5e0rnb7ls8.x-oecd-live-02 OECD. 2014. â€Å"Who Does What?† Accessed September 20 2014http://www.oecd.org/about/whodoeswhat/ OECD. 2014. â€Å"OECD Publishing† http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/ OECD ILIBRARY. 2014 Accessed September 20, 2014. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/# Oxford University Centre for Educational Assessment. 2011. â€Å"POLICY EFFECTS OF PISA† Accessed September 18 2014 http://oucea.education.ox.ac.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Policy-Effects-of-PISA-OUCEA.pdf OECD/AfDB/UNDP(2014),African Economic Outlook 2014: Global Value Chains and Africas Industrialisation, OECD Publishing. Accessed September 21, 2014. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/african-economic-outlook_19991029 Strauss, Valerie. 2013. â€Å"Are Finland’s vaunted schools slipping?† The Washington Post , December 3. Accessed September 8, 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2013/12/03/are-finlands-vaunted-schools-slipping/# United States OECD. 2014. â€Å"What is the OECD?† Accessed September 22, 2014. http://usoecd.usmission.gov/mission/overview.html Woodward, Richard. 2009. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Global Institutions, Taylor Francis. Accessed September 15, 201 4 http://books.google.tt/books?id=F61_AgAAQBAJpg=PR1lpg=PR1dq=why+is+the+oecd+dismissed+as+a+rich+mans+clubsource=blots=DTD0vhbGIHsig=3s8GpUJXJRm4icRfN8rmkprI5qAhl=ensa=Xei=g8ciVNqSK8eQgwTn7YHQAQredir_esc=y#v=twopageqf=false [1]